Shingle



, March 5, 1935- N. P. HARSHBERGER I 1,993,163

SHINGLE Filed May 29, ,1931 2 Sheets-Sheet l March 5, 1935. N. P. HARSHBERGER I 1,993,163

SHINGLE Filed May 29, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 /A/ rnv ro l /1/0@ mw /TD Q5-waff une Patented Mar. 5, 1935 UNITED STATI-:s

Parri-:rrr OFFICE SHINGLE Application May 29, 1931, Serial No. 541,089`

20 Claims.

lThis invention relates to improvements in what is known as prepared roofing material, particularly shingles, and has for its object to provide a novel, attractive and more effective distribu- 5 tion of material of this character, and may be made of any suitable fibrous fabric, such as generally employed in the manufacture of roofing, particularly roofing having bituminous saturating substances and bituminous binding substances for uniting crushed mineral particles to the brous base, as generally used in the manufacture of roofing and shingles.

It is to be understood, however, that I do not limit myself to fibrous materials as generally employed in the manufacture of rolled roofing and shingles, as this invention contemplates the use of any fibrous base. An asbestos fibrous base may be used, or a base composed of a material such as Celotex, a trade name employed'in the manufacture of a fibrous board composed of sugar cane refuse, or bagasse. The fibrous base of these shingle elements may be saturated with hot bituminous material and coated with a hot bituminous material, or saturated, then coated with an emulsied bituminous material, preferably asphalt, which can conveniently be used in a relatively cold state during the saturating and coating operations.

The fibrous base used in producing the elements of this invention may then be surfaced both sides with any suitable granulated mineral substance, such as generally employed for roofing purposes and the surfacing may be of different colored minerals, and surfaced on one or both sides of the web to produce varied colored effects when the elements are formed.

In the prior art there are many disclosures of folded shingles, consisting of a plurality of shingle figures in one grouped element, but in every instance they are shown with anexcessive amount of material. to that which is to be re-l quired to produce anything near as satisfactory a weather-tight roof, as disclosed in this novel invention. Further, in no instance have they, in the prior art, so effectively distributed the fabric as disclosed in this invention. In the prior art none of the shingles'are adapted to be laid in courses directly up the roof as can readily be employed with the shingles of this invention.

This invention further contemplates a Very ingenious method of cutting the shingles from a fibrous web to produce a blank of such shape that when completely formed will produce an L shaped, or V shaped, element, which makes possible a strip shingle shape that absolutely re- (Cl. 10S-7) duces the required amount of material to the utmost minimum.

These elements may, of course, be altered in size to meet any desired lap protection or ligure exposure and the lines of severence in forming 5. these blanks or shingle elements may be so arranged that the angles are right angles as relates to the edge of the webs in which they are formed, or they may be obtuse angles and produce a figure that is more or less fiattened, as hereinafter 10 referred to specifically in the drawings.

'Ihis invention contemplates any equivalents that come fairly within the scope of the claims of this invention.

The annexed drawings and the following del5 scription set forth in detail certain mechanism embodying the invention, such disclosed means constituting, however, but one of various mechanical forms in which the principle of the invention may be used. 20

For a better understanding of the invention, reference may be had to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 shows a plan view of the element when folded; Fig. 2 shows a plan View of a blank weblike member from which the element in Fig. 1 is formed; Fig. 3 is plan view of the element which is cut from the web before the completed folding operation; Fig. 4 shows an assembly of the elements in Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is a plan view of the element after it has been folded from the blank of Fig. 7; Fig 6 is a plan view of an assembly of the elements as shown in Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a plan view of a modification of the shingle shown in Fig. 3; Figs. 8 and 9 are modifications with securing means at the corners; and Fig. 10 is a cross section through line 10-10 of Fig. 1.

Referring now to the drawings, and particularly Fig. l thereof, it will be seen that my improved shingle comprises a group of three shingles which are integrally united and which are formed by bending a central shingle upon two adjacent shingles. The two lowermost shingles A1 and A2 are joined by a connecting neck portion that is relatively narrow which is defined by the line of bend 7, and the edge 13. This neck portion will extend in a horizontal direction, or stated in' other words, will lie substantially parallel to the eaves and ridge lines and the shingles A1 and A3 may be construed as end extensions from the neck, whereas the portion A2 is an extension from the longitudinal edge of the neck. After the portion A2 is folded upon A1 and A3 a narrow lap results that is of L-shape and comparatively small area, yet it is sufficient for all purposes to prevent rain from driving up under the shingles and in addition no material is lost by lapping surfaces, which need no overlap. For example,'the material under vA2 is for the most part removed and made use of as surfacing material. The portion A1 has two small edges 2 and 5 extending substantially parallel to each other, and these small edges are connected by means of the diagonally extend-V ing edges 1 and 6. Another edge 3 extends parallel to the edge 6 and connects the small edge 2 with the connecting edge 13 of the neck portion. Similarly another edge 4 extends parallel to edge 1 and connects the neck portion with the small edge 5.

'I'he overlying portion A2 has the same configuration as the portion A1 and comprises parallel short edges '7 and 10,'parallel diagonal edges l 9 and 12 and parallel diagonal edges 8 and 1l.

tected, the small edges-5 and 18 extend parallel' to the ridge line of such a roof.

In Fig. 2 it will be seen that my novel shingle is cut from a web of comparatively small width and that such shingles may be cut with a minimum of waste. In this figure the numerals correspond with those in Fig. 1 an'd the minute description of the several edges is unnecessary. It will be understood that the portions A1, A2 and A3 constitute one integrally united shingle, and similar- 1y the portions B1, B2 and B3 constitute another shingle of the same shape. A shingle cut from the web shown in Fig. 2 is first formed into an L-shaped blank in which the two legs A1 and A3 are separated from the base A2 by the lines of cut, which extend approximately perpendicular to the edges of the web and by the central cut which coincides with the median line of the web. Thus it will be seen that the initially formed blank is L-shaped as well as the final product and that this configuration allows relatively large covering with a minimum of overlap, and at the same time providing a. weatherproof construction in which a large surface of a lower portion is not needlessly lapped. The waste spaces 23 are indicated -and itjwill be seen from an inspection of Fig. 2 that only a comparatively small portion of the web is wasted.

'It will be understood that this improved shingle may be manufactured from a web which is formed of a fibrous material that has been saturated with a water proofing bituminous substance, and then further coated with a bituminous substance of a higher melting point-than the saturating substance, and into which has been embedded ne mineral particles. vHowever, it is to be understood that I do not wish to lbe limited to any such specific material and that the improved shingle disclosed may be made of other compositions such as wood, metal, etc. y

In the specic embodiment illustrated, the portion A2 is shown as being bent upon the portions Al and A3, but if it should be desired to manufacture a shingle of this shape without the folding operation, this may be accomplished byv providing separate portions and unitingv the porformed by edge 18 `material may be composed of most tion A2 to the portions A1 and A3 by cement or other adhesive material.

After the shingle is folded, which may be done at the point of manufacture or at the place of use, it is ready for application to a roof, and when such shingles are applied to a roof, as shown in Fig. 4, it will be seen that the corner formed by edge 14 with edge l5 exactly registers with edge 11, thus forming a double thickness at the lapped portion.

Thel completed shingle, is shown in Fig. 1 with the portion A2 bent over upon the portions A1 and A3, it being' of course understood that the exposed surface of A2 is the reverse of the,sur faces A1 and A3. In Fig. 3 one shingle is shown prior to the folding operation and it is this shingle which, when folded, presents the appearance shown in Figs. 1 and 4.

In Fig. 4 there is an assembly of the elements of Figs. 1 and 3 on a portion of a roof, and 22 represents the corner points of registration of the elements. It will be seen that the corner with edge 19 is adapted to register with the edge 12 of the shingle element below to effect a symmetrical exposure to the weather. Obviously, at the other side the corner formed by edge 5' with edge 4' registers with edge 8 of the subjacent shingle. Nail 20 is positioned underneath the uppermost gure of each roofing element and nails 2l fasten the lower course of shinglesat the registering corners 22.

Fig. 6 shows a section4 of a roof covered with elements as shown in Figs. 5 and '7. The corresponding short edges 30 register with the succeeding courses as they are applied to the roof section, thereby forming a succession of groups of three figures as they are applied in columns directly up the roof.

Fig. 8 shows a modified form that has the outer edges forming both obtuse and acute angles. In addition to this difference between the shingles just described, one or more corners that may be exposed to the weather have afiixed to them an appendage adapted to be used as a means of securing the lower portions of the shingle when applied, to the underlying adjacent shingle elements when assembled, as shown in Figs. 4 and 6.

Fig. 9 shows-a `similar figure to that of Fig. 8 except that the locking appendage or securing means which has been affixed to one or more corners as described in Fig. 8, is attached to a portion rolled up underneath what would be the bottom side of the shingle when properly assembled on the roof substantially as shown in Figs. 4 and 6.

Itis preferred in thesemodied shapes to use a metallic fastener, however, a strip of wire like any suitable substance to serve the purpose of securing the lower edges of the shingle for the .purpose of preventing the windfrom lifting the loose ends.

To further 4recite the general adaptability of this invention, it is to be understood that these shingles may be folded before being packed for shipment, or they may be packed in a flat form substantially as shown in Fig. 2. In the rst instance it might be more advantageous to fold the shingles during the manufacturing operation and effectively seal the lapped joints created by folding the faces of the shingle elements into contact. This may be brought about by folding the shingles while they are hot and causing the folded portions to unite at the lap when they are stacked for packing and pressure might well be applied to assist in the sealing of said joints. On the other hand it might be desirable to use a solvent or softer and a more or less tacky bituminous substance to effectively seal the lapped joints. One of the most important features of this invention is the method of grouping and simulating individual shingles, and still have them in a strip form so that less labor may be required in the laying operation. g

A further advantage resides in the fact that there are no weakened, narrow neck portions to cause breakage in the handling, such as I am familiar with in the prior art. In fact in all hexagonal shingles there is a weak, narrow neck portion that is of a lesser depth than the body portion including the tab extension.

It will be noted that in any of the elements disclosed in this invention the folded lap portions may be eifectively cemented together and thus insure that the shingle has at least a uniform strength throughout.

Now while I have laid stress upon the strengthening of these grouped elements by reason of folding and uniting the layers into a group that results in three shingle exposures, it must be definitely understood that these shingles might be adaptedfor use by the applicator when applying to the building structure in a ilat form, he then taking the portion desired to be folded and bringing it into the desired point of registration that is well indicated by the cut edges clearly shown in the drawings.

Furthermore, it is to be understood that the nails may be positioned in any desired portion of the`roof that'is covered by the overlying shingle element.

Other modes of applying the principle of my invention-may be employed instead of the mode explained herein, change being made as regards the composition herein disclosed, provided the means stated by any of the following claims or 4the equivalent of such stated means be employed.

I therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as my invention:-

l. A shingle composed of a fibrous base and a bituminous binder, said shingle simulating a plurality of shingle exposures, one of said exposures lying out of plane with two contacting adjacent united simulated figures, and lapping a small part of each adjacent gure.

2. A shingle composed of a fibrous base, a bituminous binder and a granulated mineral surface, said shingle being initially L shaped in form and simulating a multiplicity of figures, said gures being formed by abutting a folded portion simulating one of said gures with another portion of said surfaced portion, said shingle being substantially L shaped after said folding operation.

3. A shingle element composed of fibrous material, a bituminous binder, a granulated mineral on both faces thereof, said shingle element con- .sisting of a grouping of three simulated shingle exposures, said grouping comprising one exposure above and two below, all of said exposures being integral and contacting one another, and providing a shingle of substantially L-shape adapted to be laid either side to the weather.

4. A shingle element composed of brous material and a bituminous binder having granulated mineral on both faces thereof, and consisting of a grouping of three simulated exposures, said exposures being grouped with one exposure completely defined and below two adjacent integral exposures, said lower exposure being out of the plane of and contacting the two adjacent exposures, said element being adapted to be laid with either side exposed in assembly.

5. A shingle simulating three shingle exposures when applied to a building surface, and three equal exposures when applied to said surface in succession, one of said three shingle exposures lying entirely above and out of plane of the integral adjacent exposures thereof, saidshingle having a substantially L-shape and the opposite edges of the exposures being parallel.

6. A shingle element simulating a grouping of three shingle exposures when applied to a roof, and having allixed to one or more corners thereof a securing mcans,`said securing means being united to one or more corners, and said corners being rolled underneath the surface of the face of said shingle element, said securing means when applied to a roof underlying a portion of adjacent underlying shingles.

7. A shingle formed from a fibrous blank, hav- Aing portions integrally grouped and united to form three shingle shapes of hexagonal exposure with three lower edges when applied to a roo-f of a building, two of the three said lowermost edges of the shingle shapes so formed being nearer the eaves than the third lower edge, said third edge being the integral connection of said two l shapes with anl olfset simulated integral portion and said oiset Yportion overlying the marginal edges of the remaining portions and forming a lap.

8. A shingle having a relatively narrow neck portion, located centrally thereof and extending generally in a horizontal line when laid, enlarged extensions from the ends of said neck forming aligned shingle exposures, and an extension from the longitudinal edge of said neck, folded upon said aligned exposures and lapping the marginal edges thereof.

9. A shingle simulating three shingle exposures when applied to a building surface, and when applied to said surface in succession, one of said three shingle exposures lying entirely below and out of the plane of integral adjacent exposures thereof, and edges of the portion forming the integral adjacent exposures determining the full upper edge perimeter of said exposure below and providing said exposure below with a full weather,

seal at said edge perimeter, said shingle having a substantially L-shapc.

10. A fibrous composition shingle'simulating a plurality of shingle exposures, one of said exposures lying out of plane with two adjacent exposures, Vall three exposures comprising layers of united material, the out of plane exposure overlapping and contacting for a small part its two adjacent exposures.

l1. A surface covering comprising weather resistant shingle elements, each element comprising united sections to simulate shingle exposures when laid, certain sections lying in a substantially common plane and one section lying out of plane with its adjacent united sections, said sections lying in a common plane having tab portionswith a substantially complementary recess between and having edges forming the lower edge ,of the element, and other portions of said sections having corner extremities in the horizontal axis of said sections comprising converging edges inclined to said axis and forming horizontal corner extremities of the element,

said shingles being arranged in courses with the horizontal corner extremities of shingles in a course substantially abutting and registering with similar corners of adjacent similar shingles in the course and the tab formed portion of other elef ments in an overlapping course covering said corner extremities and forming a surface of similar shingle configurations.

12. A shingle element composed of brous material, a bituminous binder having a granulated mineral on both faces thereof, said shingle element consisting of a grouping of three simulated shingle exposures, grouped with one exposure above and two below, said exposures being integral with o'ne another and having marginal edges and said exposure above lapping themmarginal edges of said exposures below with its'lower edge extremities substantially registering with edges of said lower exposures.

13. An L shaped shingle, adapted to be laid on a surface, comprising a body of material having a folded section comprising substantially a third of the portion of thewhole surface of the shingle, said section being aixed to an adjacent section lying in one plane comprising substantially the remainder of an integral part of the body of material from which said first section is folded, said sections overlapping and having their adjacent faces abutting.

14. An L shaped shingle presenting a plurality of exposed sections, one section comprising lsubstantially a third of the portion of the blank from which it is formed and having cut edges overlying marginal edges of the remainder of said blank and united thereto and exposing adjacent sections, a number of said shingles being adapted to form simulated groupings of the shingle configurations when applied to a roof.

15. In a weather covering a plurality of shingles substantially L shaped and dening a group of substantially similar shingle congurations having substantially parallel opposite sides and having an edge defining an edge of a configuration and the lowermost extremity of the shingle when laid and said configuration having another opposite edge within the outline of the. L, said shingle being laid in columns to form a covering of similar exposures and appearing as Vs when laid, and said lowermost extremity of the shingle forming the base of the V and serving to register the elements when coincident with an opposite edge of a similar configuration of said underlying element.

16. A fibrous composition shingle, substantially L shaped, and having legs of substantially equal area, said legs comprising outer side edges, inner side edges, end edges and corner edges, the outer and inner side edges forming said legs being substantially parallel, the width of said legs measured between said outer and inner sides being substantially one half the distance measured between an outermost and a parallel'end side of the L` projected'and the corner edges having a length substantially less than that of the other sides of said legs to enable a minimum lap between elements in assembly.

1'7. A shingle element composed of brous material, substantially L shaped and comprising a group of three substantially similar configurations, two of said configurations in the same plane and forming leg extensions of the L, and the third lapping and in a plane adjacent the other two and forming the base of the L, said L having inner, outer, end, and corner edges, the Width of a leg being substantially one half the maximum height of the L, measured normally between the end edge of one leg projected and the outer edge of the other and corner edges of said configurations being of substantially less length than the side and end edges thereof to enable minimum lapping of the configurations in adjacent planes.

18. A strip shingle which forms, when applied to a roof only, hexagonal figures, said shingle having a base portion and leg portions and said leg and base portions defining figures of substantially equal area, comprising side edges, end edges and longitudinal edges, all of the edges except said longitudinal edges being inclined to the longitudinal axis of the shingle, the side edges of one leg being substantially parallel to the end edges of the other leg and the length of the longitudinal edges being substantially less than the side or end edges to enable laying of the shingles with a minimum of lap between adjacent elements.

19. An L shaped building element comprising an L shaped sheet of material having inner and outer edges and having cuts extending to the central portion thereof and angularly disposed to said outer edges to define threev sections, said cuts arranged to leave an unsevered portion of the blank connecting said sections and one of the sections being foldable adjacent the other section of the sheet to thus form an element having sections' in two different planes cooperable with sections of similarly formed and folded overlapping elements to simulate a covering formed of independent figures overlapping one another. 1

20. In the method of making L shaped shingle elements having sections in diierent planes, the steps which comprise forming an L shaped blank having inner and outer edges, making cuts angularly disposed to the outer edges of the blank and extending to the central portion thereof to form a base and two leg sections of the element, arranging said cuts so as to leave unsevered portions of the blank connecting said sections, folding the base section diagonally to the outer edges of and at the connection with the unsevered portion of the bla'nk and folding said base section to overlap the inner marginal edges of the blank.

NORMAN P. HARSHBERGER. 

